# Retatrutide References: The Cited Trial and Structural Literature

> Retatrutide references: the primary trials, cryo-EM structural work, meta-analysis, and Phase 3 registrations cited across this site, with DOIs and PubMed links.

The primary trials, structural work, and registrations behind every number on this site.

## How these sources were selected

Every quantitative claim on this site is tied to a numbered source in the list below. The record leans on primary clinical trials — the first-in-human Phase 1b pharmacokinetic study, the two Phase 2 programs in obesity and type 2 diabetes, and the Phase 2a fatty-liver substudy — read alongside the cryo-EM structural pharmacology, a 2025 systematic review and meta-analysis, the ClinicalTrials.gov registrations for the ongoing Phase 3 TRIUMPH and outcome trials, and mechanistic reviews of the incretin and multi-agonist class. Where a claim rests on a review or a trial registration rather than a completed outcome study, the text says so. Citations carry DOIs and PubMed, PMC, or ClinicalTrials.gov links so any reader — or machine — can walk each figure back to its origin.

## References

[1] Jastreboff AM, et al. Triple-Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity — A Phase 2 Trial. N Engl J Med. 2023;389(6):514-526. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37366315/
[2] Rosenstock J, et al. Retatrutide, a GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist, for people with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, double-blind, placebo and active-controlled, parallel-group, phase 2 trial. Lancet. 2023;402(10401):529-544. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37385280/
[3] Li W, Zhou Q, Cong Z, Yuan Q, Li W, Zhao F, Xu HE, Zhao LH, Yang D, Wang MW. Structural insights into the triple agonism at GLP-1R, GIPR and GCGR manifested by retatrutide. Cell Discov. 2024;10:77. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11255275/
[4] Urva S, Coskun T, Loh MT, Du Y, Thomas MK, Gurbuz S, Haupt A, Benson CT, Hernandez-Illas M, D'Alessio DA, Milicevic Z. LY3437943, a novel triple GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptor agonist in people with type 2 diabetes: a phase 1b, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, multiple-ascending dose trial. Lancet. 2022;400:1869-1881. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36354040/
[5] Sanyal AJ, Kaplan LM, Frias JP, Brouwers B, Wu Q, Thomas MK, Harris C, Schloot NC, Du Y, Mather KJ, Haupt A, Hartman ML. Triple hormone receptor agonist retatrutide for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a randomized phase 2a trial. Nat Med. 2024;30:2037-2048. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11271400/
[6] Katsi V, Koutsopoulos G, Fragoulis C, Dimitriadis K, Tsioufis K. Retatrutide — A Game Changer in Obesity Pharmacotherapy. Biomolecules. 2025;15:796. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12190491/
[7] Retatrutide showing promise in obesity (and type 2 diabetes). Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2023. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37947489/
[8] Muzurović E, et al. Emerging incretin- and multi-agonist-based treatments — the continued refinement and continuous expansion of a potent therapeutic armamentarium for cardio-kidney-liver-metabolic diseases and beyond. Metabolism. 2026;177:156494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2026.156494
[9] Cooper ME, et al. GLP-1 agonists in the treatment of chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes and obesity. J Clin Invest. 2025;135(21):e194749. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12578383/
[10] Neumann J, et al. Acute Contractile Effects of Glucagon-like-Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in the Human Heart. Pharmaceutics. 2026;18(4):447. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13118858/
[11] Pardali EC, et al. New Drugs on the Block: Dietary Management and Nutritional Considerations During the Use of Anti-Obesity Medication. Nutrients. 2026;18(6):962. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13029618/
[12] Effects of once-weekly subcutaneous retatrutide on weight and metabolic markers. Metabol Open. 2024;100321. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11420505/
[13] Efficacy and safety of retatrutide, a novel GLP-1, GIP, and glucagon receptor agonist: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent). 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40291085/
[14] Retatrutide for the treatment of obesity, obstructive sleep apnea and knee osteoarthritis. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41090431/
[15] Appetite, eating attitudes, and eating behaviours during treatment with retatrutide. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40916752/
[16] Eli Lilly and Company. A Study of Retatrutide (LY3437943) in Participants With Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT05882045. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05882045
[17] Eli Lilly and Company. The Effect of Retatrutide Once Weekly on Cardiovascular Outcomes and Kidney Function. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT06383390. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06383390
[18] Coskun T, et al. Effects of retatrutide on body composition in people with type 2 diabetes: a substudy of a phase 2 trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(25)00092-0
[19] Dietary protein defends lean mass and maintains the metabolic benefits of weight loss. Mol Metab. 2024;102024. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11424806/
[20] Eli Lilly and Company. A Study of Retatrutide (LY3437943) in Participants With Obesity (TRIUMPH-1). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT05929066. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05929066
[21] Eli Lilly and Company. A Study of Retatrutide (LY3437943) Once Weekly in Participants With Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT05931367. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05931367
[22] Weight Regain After GLP-1-Based Therapy Discontinuation: Failure, Physiology, and the Path Forward. Cureus. 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41909366/
[23] Rationale, design and baseline characteristics of the TRANSCEND-CKD trial of retatrutide. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41160422/

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An illuminated reading of the retatrutide trial record — Phase 1b pharmacokinetics through the Phase 3 TRIUMPH program, each figure lettered back to its source, and no clinic, prescription, or apothecary behind the page.